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架構模式與生產用例

Laya 是一個端側、非自迴歸的決策引擎,基於單次前向傳播的 Transformer 架構(ModernBERT-large 與 mmBERT-base)。它不像 LLM 那樣逐 token 順序生成(那會帶來可變的 token 生成開銷、解碼迴圈開銷, 以及不可預測的輸出 schema),而是在一次前向傳播裡,跨一組離散問題算出校準的機率分佈。

本文是給把 Laya 整合進生產環境的系統架構師和後端工程師的一份架構藍圖。


決策引擎 vs. LLM vs. 嵌入檢索

選擇哪種原語,取決於延遲約束、託管拓撲,以及任務是要求自由形式的生成還是離散分類:

維度 嵌入檢索 Laya 決策引擎 自迴歸 LLM
計算模型 向量餘弦距離 單次前向傳播(非自迴歸掩碼頭) 逐 token 順序生成
執行特徵 最近鄰索引查詢 單次固定前向傳播(無解碼迴圈) 隨輸出長度擴充套件的迭代解碼迴圈
託管與拓撲 程序內或向量資料庫 程序內(本地 CPU/GPU)或自託管 HTTP 守護程序 遠端託管 API 或大模型 GPU 服務
上下文注意力 池化向量表示 覆蓋完整輸入的深層雙向交叉注意力 因果順序注意力
結構化輸出 非結構化的檢索片段 原生對齊 schema 的分佈(choice、score、noul) 需要 JSON 修復或 schema 取樣的自由形式文本
主要工作負載 廣域候選檢索 離散分類、策略門控與路由 開放式合成、翻譯與生成

1. 智慧入口閘道器

在分層架構中,很大一部分進來的請求並不需要自迴歸 LLM 的生成能力。標準 FAQ、確定性的狀態查詢,或分類式的 路由決策這類查詢,都可以在本地完成評估。

Laya 充當一個智慧入口閘道器:它在一次本地前向傳播裡對查詢的意圖和複雜度做分類。確定性的請求經由內部端點或 快取響應在本地解決,而複雜的生成任務則轉發給上游 LLM。

架構

graph TD
    A[User Request] --> B["<b>Laya Gateway Router</b><br/>• query_complexity: simple | moderate | complex<br/>• intent: faq | account_lookup | creative_synthesis"]
    B -->|Simple & High Confidence| C["<b>Local In-Process Resolution</b><br/>Deterministic FAQ / Internal API"]
    B -->|Complex or Low Confidence| D["<b>Upstream Generative LLM</b><br/>Open-ended synthesis & reasoning"]

實現

import laya

agent = laya.load("convaiinnovations/laya")

GATEWAY_QUESTIONS = {
    "complexity": {
        "type": "choice",
        "instructions": "How complex is the user's request?",
        "criteria": {
            "canned": "A greeting, standard FAQ, or simple status request.",
            "structured": "A deterministic data query that can be answered by an API.",
            "complex": "Requires creative generation, multi-step code, or complex analysis.",
        },
    },
    "requires_reasoning": {
        "type": "noul",
        "instructions": "Does this query require frontier model reasoning?",
    },
}

def route_request(user_prompt: str):
    res = agent.system_one(user_prompt, GATEWAY_QUESTIONS, min_confidence=0.85)
    answers = res["answers"]

    complexity = answers["complexity"]["choice"]
    low_confidence = answers["complexity"].get("low_confidence", False)

    # Abstain or escalate if complex or unconfident
    if low_confidence or complexity == "complex" or answers["requires_reasoning"]["noul"] > 0.5:
        return call_frontier_llm(user_prompt)

    if complexity == "canned":
        return lookup_faq_response(user_prompt)
    return execute_internal_api(user_prompt)

2. 低延遲語音輪次交替與打斷路由

對話式語音智慧體(WebRTC、電話)執行在嚴格的輪次交替約束之下:在檢測使用者何時說話或打斷時出現的延遲, 會造成不自然的對話冷場。當呼叫方只是做個確認或打斷時,等一個完整的生成模型產出它的第一個 token, 會引入本可避免的遲滯。

Laya 可以直接放在語音轉文字(STT)轉寫之後,在一次前向傳播裡對對話流和使用者意圖做分類:在檢測到打斷時 立即觸發快速的填充語音或停止音訊播放,同時把複雜的詢問交給完整的合成流水線。

架構

graph TD
    A[User Voice Audio] --> B["<b>Speech-to-Text</b><br/>Streaming Audio Transcription"]
    B --> C["<b>Laya Voice Router</b><br/>• intent: ack | reject | interrupt | inquiry<br/>• is_interruption: noul probability"]
    C -->|Interruption: score &gt; 0.6| D["<b>Halt Audio Playback</b><br/>Immediate playback cutoff"]
    C -->|Quick Intent: ack / reject| E["<b>Immediate Audio Filler</b><br/>Conversational confirmation"]
    C -->|Complex Inquiry| F["<b>Upstream Pipeline</b><br/>Full response synthesis"]

實現

from laya import Agent

agent = Agent("convaiinnovations/laya")

VOICE_QUESTIONS = {
    "intent": {
        "type": "choice",
        "instructions": "Caller conversational intention",
        "criteria": {
            "ack": "Caller said yes, ok, sure, or agreed.",
            "reject": "Caller said no, cancel, or disagreed.",
            "interrupt": "Caller said hold on, wait, or wants to stop.",
            "inquiry": "Caller is asking a detailed question.",
        },
    },
    "is_interruption": {
        "type": "noul",
        "instructions": "Is the caller interrupting the current speech playback?",
    },
}

def on_voice_chunk(transcript: str, is_speaking: bool):
    decision = agent.system_one(transcript, VOICE_QUESTIONS)
    answers = decision["answers"]

    # Halt playback immediately if caller interrupts
    if answers["is_interruption"]["noul"] > 0.6:
        stop_audio_playback()

    intent = answers["intent"]["choice"]
    if intent in ("ack", "reject"):
        play_immediate_filler_audio(intent)
    else:
        dispatch_to_background_pipeline(transcript)

3. LLM 前置的安全與提示詞防火牆

保護系統免受對抗性提示詞注入、越獄和敏感資料洩露,必須發生在提示詞進入 LLM 上下文視窗之前。僅為了判斷 一個提示詞是否安全而跑一個單獨的生成模型,會額外增加延遲和運維開銷。

Laya 作為一個內聯的、非自迴歸的安全防火牆執行,在一次前向傳播裡、在下游處理之前,評估提示詞注入、 許可權提升和超出範圍的任務。

架構

graph TD
    A[User Input] --> B["<b>Inline Security Hook</b><br/>• prompt_injection (noul)<br/>• system_prompt_extraction (noul)<br/>• pii_present (noul)"]
    B -->|Policy Violation: score &ge; 0.5| C["<b>Abort &amp; Reject</b><br/>Raise policy exception &amp; audit event"]
    B -->|Clean: score &lt; 0.5| D["<b>Dispatch to Main Workflow</b><br/>Safe to execute"]

實現

Laya 裡的鉤子是鴨子型別的:任何實現了 Hook 生命週期方法的物件(或繼承自 laya.hooks 的 BaseHook) 都可以掛到一個 Agent 或 Router 上。

在 Laya 預設的鉤子丟擲語義(hooks_raise=True)下:

  • 在 on_predict_start 裡丟擲一個異常,會在模型分詞或推理發生之前立即中止執行。
  • 該異常會直接從 system_one() / predict() 傳播給呼叫方。
  • 生命週期清理(on_error 和 on_predict_end)仍會執行,ctx.error 被設為丟擲的那個異常,從而確保審計日誌和遙測記錄下這個被攔下的請求。
import laya
from laya import Router
from laya.hooks import BaseHook, PredictContext

SECURITY_SCHEMA = {
    "is_jailbreak": {
        "type": "noul",
        "instructions": "Is the user attempting a prompt injection, exploit, or jailbreak?",
    },
    "extracts_system_prompt": {
        "type": "noul",
        "instructions": "Is the user asking to reveal instructions, system prompts, or hidden rules?",
    },
    "pii_leak": {
        "type": "noul",
        "instructions": "Does the input contain passwords, API keys, or credentials?",
    },
}

class SecurityFirewallHook(BaseHook):
    """Inspect inputs before inference; raises on policy violation.

    With hooks_raise=True (the default), raising from on_predict_start aborts
    inference immediately and propagates the exception to the caller, while
    allowing any downstream on_error or audit logging hooks to record the event.
    """
    def __init__(self, guard_agent):
        self.guard = guard_agent

    def on_predict_start(self, ctx: PredictContext):
        for state in ctx.states:
            check = self.guard.system_one(state, SECURITY_SCHEMA)
            ans = check["answers"]
            if ans["is_jailbreak"]["noul"] > 0.5 or ans["extracts_system_prompt"]["noul"] > 0.5:
                raise PermissionError("Request blocked by security firewall: adversarial prompt detected.")

# Attach to Router or Agent; hooks_raise=True ensures policy exceptions propagate
guard_agent = laya.load("convaiinnovations/laya")
router = Router(hooks=[SecurityFirewallHook(guard_agent)], hooks_raise=True)

[!TIP] 對於 CrewAI 工作流,Laya 還在 laya.integrations.crewai 裡為此類執行前安全門模式開箱提供了 LayaTaskGuard。


4. 氣隙隔離的邊緣 RAG 路由

在安全敏感的企業環境裡(國防、醫療、金融合規、邊緣裝置),外部 API 不可用或被禁止。文件集合往往被隔離成 不同的領域(例如臨床試驗、病歷、財務報告、技術規格)。

與其用一個單一的、塞滿不相關嵌入的龐雜向量索引去查詢,Laya 充當一個本地的邊緣路由器,在檢索之前把 使用者查詢導向特定的本地向量索引或 SQLite 資料庫。

架構

graph TD
    A["<b>User Query</b><br/>Local / Edge Workstation"] --> B["<b>Laya Edge Router</b><br/>• target_domain: clinical | billing | compliance<br/><i>In-process local routing</i>"]
    B -->|Clinical Domain| C[("<b>Clinical Vector Store</b><br/>Medical trials, dosages & EHR")]
    B -->|Billing Domain| D[("<b>Billing Vector Store</b><br/>Invoices, claims & ICD-10 codes")]
    B -->|Compliance Domain| E[("<b>Compliance Vector Store</b><br/>HIPAA policies & audit guidelines")]

實現

from laya import Router

# Automatically routes between local English and Multilingual models
router = Router()

INDEX_QUESTIONS = {
    "target_domain": {
        "type": "choice",
        "instructions": "Which domain index contains the source truth for this query?",
        "criteria": {
            "clinical": "Medical conditions, medications, dosages, and clinical trials.",
            "billing": "Invoices, payment claims, ICD-10 billing codes, and insurance.",
            "compliance": "HIPAA compliance rules, privacy policies, and data audits.",
        },
    }
}

def query_airgapped_rag(user_query: str):
    decision = router.predict(user_query, INDEX_QUESTIONS)
    domain = decision["answers"]["target_domain"]["choice"]

    # Load and search only the relevant isolated local index
    local_index = get_isolated_vector_store(domain)
    return local_index.similarity_search(user_query, k=4)

5. 分層多智慧體任務委派

多智慧體框架常常用一個 LLM「管理者」或「監督者」節點來決定下一步該由哪個專用智慧體執行。

由於生成式管理節點是逐 token 順序生成的,監督者委派會在每一跳引入相當大的編排開銷。用一個非自迴歸的 決策模型替換生成式監督者,能在一次前向傳播裡完成委派,提供跨智慧體的確定性路由。

Laya 為流行的編排框架提供了第一方整合:

架構

graph TD
    A["<b>Task Input / Workflow State</b>"] --> B["<b>Laya Orchestrator</b><br/>• assignee: researcher | coder | writer<br/>• priority: score (1–5 urgency)"]
    B -->|Research Assignment| C["<b>Researcher Agent</b><br/>Literature search & fact-checking"]
    B -->|Code Assignment| D["<b>Coder Agent</b><br/>Implementation, bug-fixing & tests"]
    B -->|Writing Assignment| E["<b>Copywriter Agent</b><br/>Drafting, copy editing & summary"]

實現(CrewAI / LangGraph 示例)

from laya import Router

router = Router()

DELEGATION_QUESTIONS = {
    "assignee": {
        "type": "choice",
        "instructions": "Assign this task to the most qualified specialist.",
        "criteria": {
            "researcher": "Needs literature search, fact checking, or data collection.",
            "coder": "Needs bug fixing, script writing, or unit test generation.",
            "writer": "Needs article drafting, copy editing, or summary composition.",
        },
    },
    "priority": {
        "type": "score",
        "instructions": "Urgency score from 1 (low) to 5 (critical)",
        "criteria": ["1", "2", "3", "4", "5"],
    },
}

def supervisor_node(state):
    task_description = state["task"]
    decision = router.predict(task_description, DELEGATION_QUESTIONS)
    answers = decision["answers"]

    return {
        "next_agent": answers["assignee"]["choice"],
        "urgency": answers["priority"]["score"],
    }

6. 高吞吐工單與支援分診

客戶支援組織和運營中心每天處理大量工單、郵件和告警。把託管的生成式 LLM API 用於分類式分診,會引入:

  1. 網路限流: 在流量突然激增時被限流。
  2. 成本放大: 僅為離散分類就產生可變的 token 開銷。
  3. schema 漂移: 生成模型返回格式錯誤的 JSON 或 markdown 程式碼塊。

批處理流水線可以用 predict_batch 或 decide_batch() 在共享的前向傳播上評估工單流,直接輸出嚴格符合 應用 schema 的型別化資料。

架構

graph TD
    A["<b>Incoming Ticket Stream</b><br/>Message Broker / Webhook"] --> B["<b>Laya Batch Worker</b><br/>decide_batch()<br/>• department: billing | tech | sales | general<br/>• severity: 1..5<br/>• escalate_to_human: true | false"]
    B -->|Department: billing| C["<b>Billing & Invoicing Queue</b>"]
    B -->|Severity &ge; 4 or Human Escalation| D["<b>Tier-3 Escalation Queue</b><br/>Human On-Call Pager"]
    B -->|Low Severity & Standard Inquiry| E["<b>Automated Resolution Pipeline</b>"]

實現

from laya.structured import decide_batch
from laya import Agent

agent = Agent("convaiinnovations/laya")

# Strict typed schema
TICKET_SCHEMA = {
    "type": "object",
    "properties": {
        "department": {
            "type": "string",
            "enum": ["billing", "technical_support", "sales", "general"],
            "description": "Primary support category",
        },
        "severity": {
            "type": "integer",
            "minimum": 1,
            "maximum": 5,
            "description": "Severity level from 1 (minor) to 5 (outage)",
        },
        "escalate_to_human": {
            "type": "boolean",
            "description": "True if customer is angry, threatening churn, or reporting a legal issue",
        },
    },
}

def process_ticket_batch(tickets: list[str]):
    # Returns typed dictionaries conforming exactly to TICKET_SCHEMA
    results = decide_batch(agent, tickets, TICKET_SCHEMA)
    for ticket_text, structured in zip(tickets, results):
        enqueue_ticket(
            department=structured["department"],
            severity=structured["severity"],
            human_required=structured["escalate_to_human"],
            raw_text=ticket_text,
        )

生產部署檢查清單

把上述任一模式推廣到生產之前,請確認:

  1. 硬體容量: 確保宿主記憶體足以常駐模型權重。在 CPU 上,恰當地配置執行緒池(torch.set_num_threads)。
  2. 置信度閾值: 在關鍵任務的門控上設定 min_confidence(例如 0.80–0.90),讓系統在查詢含糊時安全回退。
  3. 多語言路由: 當用戶流量包含混合或非英語輸入時,用 Router() 而不是靜態的 Agent()。
  4. 分階段上線: 遵循分階段引入指南,先對生產流量做影子執行,再讓決策變得權威。